GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is a human tripeptide whose copper(II) affinity is similar to the copper transport site of albumin; with copper it forms GHK-Cu.
preclinical — animal, cell or mechanistic work — not yet about people
every claim resolves to its source
All 3 citations resolve to their original source. · 0 posts naming it, 0 members counted once each.
Summary
GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is a human tripeptide whose copper(II) affinity is similar to the copper transport site of albumin; with copper it forms GHK-Cu. · pmid:18644225
Classification
In solution Cu(II)-GHK is a monomeric complex bound through three nitrogen ligands, while in the solid state it is dimeric. · pmid:21780203
Mechanism
GHK, a copper-binding tripeptide isolated from human plasma, stimulated collagen synthesis by fibroblasts as GHK-Cu; the effect began between 10^-12 and 10^-11 M and was independent of any change in cell number. · pmid:3169264
Proportion of the 3 claims about GHK-Cu standing at each tier. Community volume is shown on the Consensus tab beside this and is never averaged into it.
Living evidence history
3 resolved citations, oldest to newest, coloured by tier. Retractions and contradictions land here as they are recorded.
Structure
No structure representation on record. PepJunkie draws only what an authoritative record supplies; for a peptide that is the residue sequence, and none has been curated for GHK-Cu yet.
Dose evidence, rung by rung
No established safe human dose. Nothing on file establishes one. That is a statement about the evidence PepJunkie holds, not a promise about the molecule.
Approved-label dose· a resolved regulatory document names a labelled dose
nothing resolved on this rung
Studied human doses· resolved human studies at the established tier
nothing resolved on this rung
Observational evidence· resolved human data at the emerging tier: thin, or contested
nothing resolved on this rung
Community-reported protocols· protocol propositions from distinct members, counted once per human
nothing resolved on this rung
Preclinical evidence· resolved animal, cell or mechanistic work
The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. · pmid 18644225 · 2008
X-ray and solution structures of Cu(II) GHK and Cu(II) DAHK complexes: influence on their redox properties. · pmid 21780203 · 2011
Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. · pmid 3169264 · 1988
3 resolved citations, 0 unresolved (an unresolved citation lends nothing). Community volume is its own rung and is never averaged into the evidence rungs.
Negative findings
failure is information
Nobody has filed a failure yet. Failures are information; this list is waiting for an honest one.