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Research

GHK-Cu — living evidence map

The Atlas page holds the claims; this is how its evidence evolved.

Summary

GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is a human tripeptide whose copper(II) affinity is similar to the copper transport site of albumin; with copper it forms GHK-Cu. · pmid:18644225

Classification

In solution Cu(II)-GHK is a monomeric complex bound through three nitrogen ligands, while in the solid state it is dimeric. · pmid:21780203

Mechanism

GHK, a copper-binding tripeptide isolated from human plasma, stimulated collagen synthesis by fibroblasts as GHK-Cu; the effect began between 10^-12 and 10^-11 M and was independent of any change in cell number. · pmid:3169264

Identity

PubChem CID 71587328: Prezatide copper, C14H23CuN6O4+, 402.92 g/mol. · pubchem:71587328

CAS registry number 89030-95-5. · pubchem:71587328

IUPAC name: copper (2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]hexanoate. · pubchem:71587328

Where the evidence actually sits

Preclinical only100%

Proportion of the 3 claims about GHK-Cu standing at each tier. Community volume is shown on the Consensus tab beside this and is never averaged into it.

Living evidence history

Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. (1988) · preclinicalThe human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. (2008) · preclinicalX-ray and solution structures of Cu(II) GHK and Cu(II) DAHK complexes: influence on their redox properties. (2011) · preclinical19882011

3 resolved citations, oldest to newest, coloured by tier. Retractions and contradictions land here as they are recorded.

Structure

No structure representation on record. PepJunkie draws only what an authoritative record supplies; for a peptide that is the residue sequence, and none has been curated for GHK-Cu yet.

Dose evidence, rung by rung

No established safe human dose. Nothing on file establishes one. That is a statement about the evidence PepJunkie holds, not a promise about the molecule.

  1. Approved-label dose · a resolved regulatory document names a labelled dose

    nothing resolved on this rung

  2. Studied human doses · resolved human studies at the established tier

    nothing resolved on this rung

  3. Observational evidence · resolved human data at the emerging tier: thin, or contested

    nothing resolved on this rung

  4. Community-reported protocols · protocol propositions from distinct members, counted once per human

    nothing resolved on this rung

  5. Preclinical evidence · resolved animal, cell or mechanistic work
    • The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. · pmid 18644225 · 2008
    • X-ray and solution structures of Cu(II) GHK and Cu(II) DAHK complexes: influence on their redox properties. · pmid 21780203 · 2011
    • Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. · pmid 3169264 · 1988

3 resolved citations, 0 unresolved (an unresolved citation lends nothing). Community volume is its own rung and is never averaged into the evidence rungs.