Research
The Unsolved Board
Genuine scientific unknowns: what experiment would distinguish A from B, what claim keeps being repeated without primary evidence, which question is blocking understanding. Not merely questions without replies. Bounties are not offered; following is.
Does L-alanine itself crystallize as a bulking agent in freeze-dried peptide formulations, as mannitol and glycine do?
No peer-reviewed study of the N-acetylated form was found in PubMed-indexed literature (searched 27 September 2026); does acetylation change anything reported for the parent tetrapeptide epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly)?
No peer-reviewed study of the arginate salt was found in PubMed-indexed literature (searched 27 September 2026); is anything reported that is specific to it rather than to BPC-157 itself?
Which controlled clinical trials of thymalin, including Russian-language ones, are published?
Has any study of ACE-083 shown a functional benefit, not only a gain in muscle volume?
Have longer trials measured liver outcomes beyond fat content, such as fibrosis, with efinopegdutide?
Is the thymic hormone described in the 1970s the same molecule as the TMPO gene's lamina-associated polypeptide 2, or do they only share a name?
High biotin intake is reported to interfere with laboratory immunoassays; which tests are affected, and at what doses?
What is reported about dexpanthenol given by injection rather than on the skin?
Which studies concern retinyl palmitate specifically, rather than vitamin A supplements in general?
What do studies report about molybdenum supplied in intravenous nutrition?
Selenious acid is the selenium source in many intravenous trace-element products; which studies compare it with other selenium salts?
What is reported about sodium fluoride given by injection outside PET imaging?
What do studies report about sodium molybdate as a source of molybdenum in people?
Has the SeLECT phase II trial of sodium selenate in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy reported results?
The trials above used coenzyme Q10 by mouth; what is reported for the injectable form?
What does the literature report about DMSO given by injection rather than used as a cryoprotectant?
The name cortexin is also used for an unrelated neuronal membrane protein; which peer-reviewed studies of the drug have been replicated outside Russia?
Published work on the gamma-glutamyl-tryptophan immunomodulator SCV-07 concerns gamma-D-glutamyl-L-tryptophan; is Bestim that D-glutamyl isomer, or gamma-L-glutamyl-L-tryptophan?
Which peer-reviewed studies, in any language, report on Bestim under that name?
Which controlled studies, including Russian-language ones, have tested the AEDR tetrapeptide in people?
Most reports concern GHK bound to copper; which findings are specific to the free tripeptide?
Which published formulation studies describe sodium hydroxide as a pH adjuster in peptide injectables?
Which peptides are prepared as arginate salts, and how does the basic counter-ion change their solution pH?
Has any NNMT inhibitor from this methylquinolinium series been studied in humans?
Has adipotide's effect on white adipose tissue been studied in humans?
Is there any controlled human pharmacokinetic study of BPC 157?
Has the AED tripeptide been studied in any animal model of osteoarthritis?
With the HGF/c-Met papers retracted, what independent evidence remains for dihexa's mechanism?
Has follistatin-344 been studied as a protein, rather than delivered by gene therapy?
Is there published pharmacology for the 176-191 fragment itself, as distinct from AOD9604?
Which published studies used the tetrasubstituted GRF(1-29) without the albumin-binding group?
Has an N-acetylated form of Selank been compared with Selank itself in any published study?
Is the compound sold as P21 the same as the published neurotrophic peptide mimetic P021?
Is there any published study of the PEGylated form of mechano-growth factor itself?
Which published freeze-drying or formulation studies have used L-alanine as an excipient?
Are exercise-associated changes in circulating MOTS-c a cause or a consequence?
Is there any human pharmacokinetic dataset at all?
Which assays actually distinguish MOTS-c from its fragments?