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Research

GHK (free tripeptide, no copper) — living evidence map

The Atlas page holds the claims; this is how its evidence evolved.

Summary

GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is a human copper-binding tripeptide whose levels decline with age; it has been reported to support wound healing and tissue repair and to increase collagen and decorin. · pmid:28212278

Mechanism

In a Connectivity Map analysis of lung tissue from smokers with COPD, GHK was identified as reversing the gene-expression signature of emphysematous destruction, and in human fibroblasts it reproduced TGF-beta-induced expression patterns. · pmid:22937864

Identity

PubChem CID 73587: glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, C14H24N6O4, 340.38 g/mol. · pubchem:73587

CAS registry number 49557-75-7. · pubchem:73587

IUPAC name: (2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid. · pubchem:73587

Where the evidence actually sits

Preclinical only100%

Proportion of the 2 claims about GHK (free tripeptide, no copper) standing at each tier. Community volume is shown on the Consensus tab beside this and is never averaged into it.

Living evidence history

A gene expression signature of emphysema-related lung destruction and its reversal by the tripeptide GHK. (2012) · preclinicalThe Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline. (2017) · preclinical20122017

2 resolved citations, oldest to newest, coloured by tier. Retractions and contradictions land here as they are recorded.

Structure

No structure representation on record. PepJunkie draws only what an authoritative record supplies; for a peptide that is the residue sequence, and none has been curated for GHK (free tripeptide, no copper) yet.

Dose evidence, rung by rung

No established safe human dose. Nothing on file establishes one. That is a statement about the evidence PepJunkie holds, not a promise about the molecule.

  1. Approved-label dose · a resolved regulatory document names a labelled dose

    nothing resolved on this rung

  2. Studied human doses · resolved human studies at the established tier

    nothing resolved on this rung

  3. Observational evidence · resolved human data at the emerging tier: thin, or contested

    nothing resolved on this rung

  4. Community-reported protocols · protocol propositions from distinct members, counted once per human

    nothing resolved on this rung

  5. Preclinical evidence · resolved animal, cell or mechanistic work
    • A gene expression signature of emphysema-related lung destruction and its reversal by the tripeptide GHK. · pmid 22937864 · 2012
    • The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline. · pmid 28212278 · 2017

2 resolved citations, 0 unresolved (an unresolved citation lends nothing). Community volume is its own rung and is never averaged into the evidence rungs.