Peptide Atlas · Peptide

MOTS-c

Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c: a sixteen-amino-acid peptide encoded inside mitochondrial DNA rather than the nucleus - a peptide the mitochondrion writes itself.

established

provisional
16 aa
UniProt A0A0C5B5G6
PubChem 146675088
8 citations
0 discussions
0 followers
Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA-c

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What the evidence says

six tiers, never blended

established — replicated in humans, or settled by a regulator

every claim resolves to its source

All 8 citations resolve to their original source. · 0 posts naming it, 0 members counted once each.

Sequence

M R W Q E M G Y I F Y P R K L R

Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c. UniProt A0A0C5B5G6 (MOTSC_HUMAN), 16 residues, Homo sapiens · 16 residues · source uniprot:A0A0C5B5G6, fetched not recalled.

Evidence, kept apart

The Atlas never mixes evidence types into one blob. Each claim below carries the tier it actually sits in; an unresolved citation is shown and does not move the page.

Evidence map for MOTS-c. Tier reflects study design, not enthusiasm.
Claim	Tier	Source
Relevance to human ageing and age-related disease	emerging	pmid 36233287
Role in bone metabolism	emerging	pmid 37200834
Encoded by a short ORF within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA; 16 amino acids	established	pmid 25738459
Regulates insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis; skeletal muscle the apparent primary target	established	pmid 25738459
MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus to regulate nuclear gene expression under metabolic stress	preclinical	pmid 29983246
MOTS-c is an exercise-induced regulator of age-dependent physical decline	preclinical	pmid 33473109
Relieves hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in gestational diabetes models	preclinical	pmid 34798268
Suppresses ovarian cancer progression via a USP7/LARS1 axis	preclinical	pmid 39321430

Unanswered questions

Are exercise-associated changes in circulating MOTS-c a cause or a consequence? open
Which assays actually distinguish MOTS-c from its fragments? open
Is there any human pharmacokinetic dataset at all? open

Negative findings

failure is information

Nobody has filed a failure yet. Failures are information; this list is waiting for an honest one.