Citrate is a common buffer in injectable biologics; a systematic review found that five of seven direct comparisons reported less injection-site pain with citrate-free formulations.
fact added summary: Citrate is a common buffer in injectable biologics; a systematic review found that five of seven direct comparisons repo · 2026-09-27 04:00 · somebody
fact added history: A 2025 study compared pain perception in patients whose subcutaneous adalimumab changed in citrate content, volume, or b · 2026-09-27 04:00 · somebody
citation added pmid 36043729 cited as emerging: Systematic review: injection-site pain and citrate · 2026-09-27 04:00 · somebody
citation added pmid 39890432 cited as emerging: Volume and citrate in perceived pain with adalimumab · 2026-09-27 04:00 · somebody
Negative findings
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