Citrate is a common buffer in injectable biologics; a systematic review found that five of seven direct comparisons reported less injection-site pain with citrate-free formulations.
emerging — human data exists, and it is thin or contested
every claim resolves to its source
All 2 citations resolve to their original source. · 0 posts naming it, 0 members counted once each.
Summary
Citrate is a common buffer in injectable biologics; a systematic review found that five of seven direct comparisons reported less injection-site pain with citrate-free formulations. · pmid:36043729
History
A 2025 study compared pain perception in patients whose subcutaneous adalimumab changed in citrate content, volume, or both. · pmid:39890432
Proportion of the 2 claims about Sodium Citrate Tribasic standing at each tier. Community volume is shown on the Consensus tab beside this and is never averaged into it.
Living evidence history
2 resolved citations, oldest to newest, coloured by tier. Retractions and contradictions land here as they are recorded.
Structure
No structure representation on record. PepJunkie draws only what an authoritative record supplies; for a peptide that is the residue sequence, and none has been curated for Sodium Citrate Tribasic yet.
Dose evidence, rung by rung
No established safe human dose. Nothing on file establishes one. That is a statement about the evidence PepJunkie holds, not a promise about the molecule.
Approved-label dose· a resolved regulatory document names a labelled dose
nothing resolved on this rung
Studied human doses· resolved human studies at the established tier
nothing resolved on this rung
Observational evidence· resolved human data at the emerging tier: thin, or contested
A Systematic Literature Review of Injection Site Pain Perception in Adult Patients Treated with Citrate-Free and Citrate-Containing Biologic Agents. · pmid 36043729 · 2023
Influence of volume and citrate on perceived pain in patients treated with adalimumab. · pmid 39890432 · 2025
Community-reported protocols· protocol propositions from distinct members, counted once per human
nothing resolved on this rung
Preclinical evidence· resolved animal, cell or mechanistic work
nothing resolved on this rung
2 resolved citations, 0 unresolved (an unresolved citation lends nothing). Community volume is its own rung and is never averaged into the evidence rungs.
Negative findings
failure is information
Nobody has filed a failure yet. Failures are information; this list is waiting for an honest one.